Biography of Lord Byron, English Poet and Aristocrat

Lord Byron is considered to be one of the greatest British writers and poets of his time. He became a leader in the Romantic Period, alongside contemporaries like William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe and Mary Shelley. Fast Facts: Lord Byron Occupation: English poet, romanticistBorn: 22 January 1788 in London, EnglandDied: 19 April 1824 in Missolonghi, Ottoman EmpireParents: Captain John â€Å"Mad Jack† Byron and Catherine GordonEducation: Trinity College, CambridgePublish Works: Hours of Idleness; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, She Walks in Beauty, Don JuanSpouse: Anne Isabella MilbankeChildren: Ada Lovelace and Allegra ByronFamous Quote: There is pleasure in the pathless woods, there is rapture in the lonely shore, there is society where none intrudes, by the deep sea, and music in its roar; I love not Man the less but Nature more. Lord Byron’s personal life was marked by tumultuous love affairs and inappropriate sexual relationships, unpaid debts, and illegitimate children. Lady Caroline Lamb, with whom Byron had an affair, famously labeled him â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know.† He died in 1824 at the age of 36 from a fever he contracted during his travels in Greece. His most notable works include Don Juan, She Walks in Beauty, and Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Early Life Lord Byron was born in 1788 in London under the full name George Gordon Noel, sixth Baron Byron. He was raised in Aberdeen, Scotland, by his mother after his father fled the family and died in 1791 in France. Byron inherited his title at the age of 10, though he later adopted his mother-in-law’s family name, Noel, in order to inherit half of her estate. Imagno/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Byron’s mother was prone to mood swings and heavy drinking. Due to mistreatment by his mother coupled with a deformed foot and an uneven temper, Byron lacked discipline and structure in his formative years. He was educated at Harrow School in London, followed by Trinity College at Cambridge, though he spent most of his time at the latter engaging in sexual relationships and sporting activities. It was during this time that he began writing and publishing works.   Marriage, Affairs, and Children Lord Byron first showed his affections for a distant cousin who indulged him for a while before rejecting his affections. In subsequent years, Byron had promiscuous affairs with many women, including Lady Caroline Lamb, Lady Oxford, and his half-sister, Augusta Leigh, who later gave birth to a daughter widely considered to be Byron’s. Lord Byron married Anne Isabella Milbanke in January 1815, and the following year she gave birth to a daughter, Augusta Ada (later Ada Lovelace). Shortly after the birth of their daughter, Lord and Lady Byron separated, with Anne Isabella indicating the cause to be his incestual relations with his half-sister. During this time, Lord Byron developed a close relationship with Percy and Mary Shelley and Mary’s sister Claire Clairmont, who also had a daughter with Byron called Allegra.   Travels After completing his education at Cambridge, Lord Byron embarked on a two-year journey across Spain, Portugal, Malta, Albania, and Greece, from which he drew inspiration for Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. After Byron finalized the separation from his wife, he left England permanently for Switzerland, where he spent time with the Shelleys. He went on to travel across Italy engaging in promiscuous affairs, writing and publishing work along the way. He spent six years in Italy, where he wrote and released Don Juan. Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, 18th century. The abbey was formerly an Augustinian priory but was converted into a domestic home following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is the ancestral home of Lord Byron. Hulton Archive / Getty Images In 1823, Lord Byron was asked to assist in the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. He sold his estate in England to raise money for the Greek cause, part of which he used to enable a fleet of ships to sail to Missolonghi, where he planned to help attack the Turks. Death While in Missolonghi, Lord Byron contracted a fever and died at the age of 36. His heart was removed and buried in Missolonghi, and his body was returned to England. His burial at Westminster Abbey was denied, so Byron was buried in his family tomb in Newstead. He was deeply mourned in England and in Greece.   Legacy After spurning his initial affections, Lady Caroline Lamb labeled Lord Byron â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know,† a statement that stuck with him for life and beyond. Because of his generous financial support and acts of bravery in the Greek Wars of Independence, Lord Byron is widely considered to be a Greek national hero. However, his true legacy is the collection of work he left behind. Don Juan Don Juan is a satirical epic poem written by Lord Byron during the last years of his life. It is based on the legendary womanizer Don Juan, though Lord Byron reversed these character traits to make Don Juan easily susceptible to seduction. The poem is considered to be a reflection of Byron’s personal character and the disappointment with which he felt constantly burdened. Don Juan is comprised of 16 completed sections, called cantos and a final, 17th canto that remained unfinished at the time of Byron’s death in 1824. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Written and released between 1812 and 1818, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage tells the story of a young man who travels the world to fill the void left by disillusionment and sadness he feels as a result of the revolutionary wars on the European continent. Much of the content in Childe is derived from Byron’s personal travels from Portugal to Constantinople. Sources Byron, George Gordon.  Don Juan. Pantianos Classics, 2016.Byron, George Gordon, and Jerome J. McGann.  Lord Byron, the Major Works. Oxford University Press, 2008.Eisler, Benita.  Byron: Child of Passion, Fool of Fame. Vintage Books, 2000.Galt, John.  The Life of Lord Byron. Kindle ed., 1832.MacCarthy, Fiona.  Byron: Life and Legend. John Murray, 2014.

Fossil Fuels Coal, Petroleum, And Natural Gas - 756 Words

Fossil fuels—coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas — are concentrated organic compounds found in the Earth’s crust. They are created from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago in the form of concentrated biomass. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), fossil fuels meet 81 percent of U.S. energy demand. Scattered records of the use of coal date to at least 1100 BC. By the middle Ages, small mining operations began to spread in Europe, where coal was used for forges, smithies, lime-burners, and breweries. The invention of fire bricks in the 1400s made chimneys cheap to build and helped create a home heating market for coal. Coal was firmly established as a domestic fuel in much of Europe by the 1570s, and represented the major heating source for buildings, especially in cities located far from easy access to less energy-dense biomass forms. Coal was the first of the fossil fuels to go into widespread use, displacing low-energy firewood as the leading source of fuel in the US, and triggering the country’s industrialization in the second half of the 19th century. Within a few decades, the US went from a net importer of coal (mostly from Britain) to a major exporter of the fossil fuel, a development made possible by mining the nation’s vast reserves of coal. Oil was used in architectural adhesives, ship caulks, medicines, and roads in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. Two thousand years later, the Chinese refined crude oil for use inShow MoreRelatedDepletion of Non Renewable Resources of Energy1422 Words   |  6 PagesA  non-renewable resource  is a  natural resource  which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can  sustain  its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. 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Theory and Practice of Vocational Guidance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theory and Practice of Vocational Guidance. Answer: Introduction Psychology is having its existence since the historical times. Counseling is a part of the psychology that helps the people in critical situations. Planning is a two-way correspondence set up that social requests take a gander at their own issues, settle on choices and plan how to make a move. The reason for urging is not to deal with each issue yet rather to enhance clients' altering limits. Urging social Management requests discuss, look at and get a handle on their musings and ideas (Sharf, 2016). Productive utilization of organizing limits in an accumulation of ace settings can help individuals vanquish issues and comprehend objectives all the sufficiently more. Occupation provoking moreover concentrates on bits of knowledge and emotions about get ready, information and aptitudes. Utilizing these aptitudes to inquire about new encounters will in like way be productive. It can help individuals explore their self-change and other calling decisions. Business educators make an assessment of a clients present circumstance and help them build up a persuading work/life sort out. In this, identity evaluations and other utmost tests might be utilized, close-by a comprehension of how individual facilitated endeavors can influence practical results (Patton et al., 2016). The name of the client is John, who was involved in his profession of teaching for the last 15 years. He is socially married and have a child in the age of adolescent. He is facing troubles not only in his professional life but also with his wife. Serious conflicts and different types of issues are being faced by him in his family. Being middle aged man, of 44 years he now feels that his work is quiet unappreciable in nature. John is concerned with the conflicts that he is facing continuously with his spouse and his adolescent child. Not only has these he even faced critical situation of non-satisfying job which he was involved for the last fifteen years. John was being guided and counseled for keeping his concentration on his job. He was being advised for cooperating with his spouse and his only child. It is the step in which I had to assess John in a very preliminary state Management and need the determination of John that whether he entirely lost the capacity and the potentiality for coping up. Skills of problem-solving and the decision-making also acts as a point in the part of career counseling. Career counseling theories applied The hypothesis provided by Holland provides a straightforward and simple understanding typology structure about profession interest and situations that might be utilized as a part of vocation directing and direction. Holland hypothesized that professional premium is an outflow of one individuals identity, and that professional rewards might be theorized in the six following typologies: Realistic (R), Investigative (I), Artistic (A), Social (S), Enterprising (E), and Conventional (C) (Swanson Fouad, 2014). On the off chance that a man's level of likeness to the six professional identity and types of interest may perhaps be evaluated, andits conceivable for creating a three-letter code (e.g., SIA, RIA) for indicating and outline someones vocation concern. Very first letter of this code is none other than man's fundamental types of interest, which would likely expect a noteworthy part in professional decision and fulfillment whereas the second and third letters indicate optional awareness subjects, and they generally plays a less important yet essential part in the process of choosing the career (Patton McMahon, 2014). Parallel to the demand of master intrigue sorts, Holland suggested that master conditions could be facilitated into close typologies. In the employment decision and change handle, individuals channel for conditions that might enable those to sharpen their abilities and confines, as well as express their demeanors and potentials. In any condition, there is a similarity for sharpening its construction for resembling its qualities within the major people present there, and general populace that is not under any condition alike the great types are in all probability might feel unsatisfied and bewildered. An anomalous condition of competition between ones character and types of maneuvering and mind overwhelming work (i.e. strange condition of approving) is in all probability intended to accomplish capable fulfillment and safety, and a low match level (i.e. low consistency) is apparently directed to acknowledge capable disappointment as well as insecurity. Hollands all six intrigue theories are masterminded in a hexagon from the request of RIASEC, also the link between the types of the level that practically identical qualities and dissimilarities are depicted by the pack between linking types in the hexagon. Likelihood of stability is utilized like "a measure of the interior comprehension or rational soundness of a man's type scores." As necessities be, types adjacent each other in the hexagon have the most shocking level of indistinguishable quality concerning their character qualities and ace presentations, sorts that are discussion in the hexagon have immaterial level of comparability, and sorts that are restricted by one between time have a provoke level of similarity. Six Big Five Career traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and noticism (Leong, Hartung Pearce, 2014). An unmistakable way to deal with oversee pick the stability of a notice code is to the detachment between the essential codes two letters in Hollands hexagon. Despite cordiality and stability, an additional basic thought in Holland's theory is section. Divide whether high attention and low curiosity Management are unmistakably conspicuous to ones good position profile. The interest profile which is low in bundle resembles an in light of current circumstances level line where high as well as low interest types are not specific. On the other hand, a segregated attention profile has unmistakably high and low scores, endorsing that the crystallization of interest may have happened, and accessibility for profession preference certification and execution. The speculation of Holland monstrously impacts calling interest evaluation and research. In the quite a while since Holland's speculation was proposed, a couple examination contemplates have been spread for separating Holland's suggestions along with the interest validness of instruments that relied on his theory, counting several reviews utilizing far reaching outlines. An essential zone of examination among socially unique surveys was whether the proposed structure of ace interests by Holland was genuine transversely over social solicitations. Applying this theory to John, his career counselor should spend a huge part of the counseling course of events on the social, cultural and financial conditions that existed as John grew up and settled on here the underlying career decision, and the conditions that exist for him today. This is the information that may occur amid his underlying admission utilizing the open-ended inquiries specified some time recently and additionally all through the whole guiding procedure. A client may have the capacity to proceed onward when they are prepared, so it is imperative that John knows that I am here for the view of his best advantageous part. As he was already being realistic and social in nature and was conventional to his nature and the job he was being involved for the last 15 years. His power of realistic, artistic and the enterprising typologies are in synced with the job he was pursuing. Theory of Super Amongst the diverse theories of occupation preference and advance, Supers theory has ended up being common thought in the USA and internationally. Super recommended that professional preference and change is fundamentally an arrangement of making and executing one's self-thought (McMahon, 2016). As shown by Super, self-accepted is a result of multifaceted trades among different segments, which includes physical as well as mental progress, specific experiences, along with regular traits and deception. While Super projected a mechanism performing behind the game plan of progression and change, delayed illustrations of Super's theory have required a more grounded highlight on the effect of social setting and the indistinguishable effect between the human being and the earth. Developing Supers trusted which self-thought speculation was on an extremely essential level an individual shape theory, A sensibly stable self-thought should move in late imperativeness to stand-in as a guide for business preference and change. In any case, self-accepted is not a inert part and it might continue making as one encounters new joining and progress through the developmental steps (Hopson Hayes, 2014). Work-Life balance and contentment is a normal procedure of executing the making self-totally considered job and other life parts. Super have proposed proximity manages influential structure with the organization with stages: change, examination, foundation, support (or association), and division. In each step, one wants to efficiently deal with the expert influential tasks that are publicly expected of people in the offered back to back age widen. For instance, in the phase of examination (ages approximately 15 to 24), a pre-grown-up fundamentals to change according to the specialist formative tasks of crystallization (a subjective methodology that included information of one's interests, limits, and principles, and to filter for after occupation goals clear with this understanding), declaration (making impermanent and particular however the above pro formative stages are apparently going to advance as maxi cycles in a man's life travel, Super (1990) recommended that a tinier than fo reseen cycle containing close stages from change to package would likely happen inside each of the stages, especially when a man makes move starting with one phase then onto the running with (Garcia et al., 2015). Furthermore, people would experience a more unassuming than standard cycle of the stages at whatever provoke they require toward make expected and startling occupation moves, for example, loss of work or as necessities be of individual or money related conditions. The fast highlight of Super's (1980, 1990) hypothesis is most unmistakably delineated during his proposition of life parts as well as life space. Life at any minute is a whole of parts which one is enduring, for example, kid, understudy, national, ace, parent, and homemaker. The remarkable strategy for diverse life parts changes as one advances through life steps, yet at every single instant, two or three segments may expects more vital position, whereas collected parts remain on the periphery. Life space is the star get-together of diverse life parts that one plays (at a given time) different settings or social "theaters", including home, assembling, school, and office (Leong, Hartung Pearce, 2014). Part conflicts, part impedance, and part perplexities would possibly occur when individuals are obliged in their capacity to conform to the courses of action related with their unmistakable parts. Super was influential in working up the general aggregate research work called Work Importance Study (WIS) proposing to study work part surprising quality and work values transversely over diverse social deals. The WIS included distinctive states in North America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa saw actions of work parts and work principles with essentially ambiguous construction and makes. Different parts of Super's speculation are flabbergasting to general calling bearing master and authorities, including examinations, for instance, fit developmental endeavors, developmental stages, and occupation change and life parts. It offers an entire structure to portray and clear up the procedure for ace change that could manage work interventions and research. The conceptualization of calling choice and change as an approach for individual and calling change sees the effects of subjective social qualities and suppositions in unimportance skilled self-encounters and slants (Paton McMahon, 2014). According to the Supers theory of career counseling, John falls under the stage of the establishment stage that is considered to be one of the particular position in which the person holds a particular position in the life in the field of the work they have already chosen and fights back accordingly for maintaining the position for the advancement in the future. In this situation John must involved in securing the position or the state where he works. Not only this, he must have involved in merging the position by demonstrating the attitudes in positive ways towards the work and the habits must be productive in nature by creating comfortable relations along with the co-workers. Obtaining the advancement towards the new levels of responsibilities in the workplace will be the next target for John. He is heading towards the next level of Supers theory of career counseling which is known to maintenance. In this phase the continuous adjustment are being taken into the consideration. It co nsolidates the profession headway errands of keeping things under control, keeping up, and moving forward. The general population attempt to keep up what they have achieved, and therefore they revive their abilities and find creative strategies for playing out their business plans. They endeavor similarly to find new troubles, however ordinarily insignificant new ground is relaxed up this period. Therefore, John must work hard on the establishing the position he was holding in his work place. The intervention in the Johns case can be: the self exploration and the knowledge of the occupation can be intervened in the decision making process in career counseling. The relationship that are being maintained and being created between John and I had to based on the para-professional membership. The assessment while solving and the making of the decisions for John, I had be quiet friendly with John so that he can help out in the making of the decision. The external information also enhances the awareness of the self and helps in developmental of the knowledge in the field of occupation. This gained knowledge will help John in sorting up the issues he is facing currently both in the professional and in the personal life. Ethical and professional considerations The ethical considerations must be maintained in the position of John, towards me. The ethical code must be analyzed and be maintained by John as he had to come down towards me for seeking the help for coping up the situation that is being faced by him. It can be assumed that after the sessions of the counseling John might focus back on his teaching profession in which he was being busy since the last fifteen years. The relationship between his and his spouse and the adolescent child might have got resolved as he got the potential for solving his problems and the coping skills that he might have developed. John was being asked for following up the sessions of the counseling for the upcoming there months for checking up the coping skills and the intelligence level that he had lose during the phase he faced in his working place. John must ignoreany traumatic situation and to maintain a proper harmonious relationship with her spouse and the adolescent child. Conclusion Career counseling is not an exercise that can be considered to be the straight forward one as it is not that accessible like the other branches of counseling does. This branch can help any person, any identity at any age related to the professional fields. References Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., Bordia, S., Roxas, R. E. O. (2015). Career optimism: The roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 10-18. Hopson, B., Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of vocational guidance: A selection of readings. Elsevier. Leong, F. T., Hartung, P. J., Pearce, M. (2014). Work and career development: Theory and research. McMahon, M. (Ed.). (2016). Career counselling: Constructivist approaches. Routledge. Patton, L. D., Renn, K. A., Guido, F. M., Quaye, S. J., Forney, D. S. (2016). Student development in college: Theory, research, and practice. John Wiley Sons. Patton, W., McMahon, M. (2014). Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice (Vol. 2). Springer. Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying career development theory to counseling. Cengage Learning. Swanson, J. L., Fouad, N. A. (2014). Career theory and practice: Learning through case studies. Sage publications.

Power of Simile free essay sample

The Power of Simile Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare seems to choose his words with care. Although written in a formal style, the author fabricated a colorful play with the use of metaphors, imagery, and iambic pentameter by cautiously placing the words in order to fulfill a certain rhythm; however, Shakespeare exhibits a somewhat distinct use of simile throughout Macbeth (Hudson). As stated by the Oxford Dictionary, a simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind. In order words, a simile is the comparison of two or more unlike things Hudson). The author exercises simile by conveying a concept to the reader and portraying a picture to be more emphatic or vivid than it is especially in the following scenes: when he describes the battle between Norway and Scotland, when he describes the fervor with which Macbeth and Banquo fght in the beginning of the tale, and when he describes the murderers that he hires to eliminate Banquo (Hudson). We will write a custom essay sample on Power of Simile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare conveys the concept of the battle between Norway and Scotland by using simile. Doubtful it stood, as two spent swimmers that do cling together and choke their art (l. ii. 7). Here, the Captain tells King Duncan that the armies were like two effete swimmers clutching each other for their lives. At the commencement of the play, Shakespeare seems to use a significant amount of similes in order to make the reader visualize the battle. The author attempts to relate similar ideas that may be known to the reader in order to explain the occurring event. Shakespeare depicts the force Macbeth and Banquo used to fight the counterattack of the Norwegian King vividly by using simile. They were as cannons overcharged with double cracks, so they doubled strokes upon the foe (1. . 35). Here, the Captain tells King Duncan that Macbeth and Banquo fought Norway with double force. The Captain then compares Macbeth and Banquo to cannons with double ammunition. Shakespeare also seems to use imagery, but in an emphatic way. The author shows emphasis by describing Macbeth and Banquo as if they were cannons; he compels the reader to understand the degree of intensity at the time of the battle. The use of the simile also portrays the Captain to be passionate about the battle. Shakespeare showcases a unique use of simile that is not exercised by many oets; he periodically builds a simile on the same plan (Hudson). As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs and demi-wolves, are clept0 All by the name of dogs. The valued file Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, The housekeeper, the hunter, every one According to the gift which bounteous nature0 Hath in him closed; whereby he does receive, Particular addition from the bill That writes the m all alike. And so of men. Not i the worst rank of manhood, say t, And I will put that business in your bosoms, Whose execution takes your enemy off, Grapples you to the heart and love of us, Who wear our health but sickly in his life, Which in his death were perfect (111. 1. 92-108). Here, the author starts with Macbeth calling the murderers part of the species called men, therefore saying that the murderers can act on revenge. He then elucidates his statement further by giving a comparison to dogs; that Just like men, dogs have their own species, for example, mongrels and spaniels. Shakespeare then builds on the simile by writing a couple of lines that expanded the simile but also linked the simile to the first statement.

Biography of Bill Gates essays

Biography of Bill Gates essays Bill Gates, a young hacker with dreams to develop a software for computers. Computers for companies and computers for home users. He was not alone in this dream. He had a fellow friend to help him out, Paul Allen. His full name is William H. Gates. He is the chairman and chief executive of Microsoft. He was born on the 28th of October in 1955. Having more than fifty billion dollars, he is said to be the richest man alive today. He married a product manager at Microsoft, her name is Melinda French. Now that the intro is over lets see how it all began. In 1968 a company called Computer Center Corporation opened in Seattle. They were offering computing time at good rates. Gates who was at Lakeside Prep school got computing time because CCC made a deal with the school. Gates and his friends started exploring the new machine. It wasn't long that they started causing trouble. They caused the computers to crash many times and they seemed to find how to break the computers security system. They got caught by CCC when they were altering the files that recorded the amount of computer time they were using. CCC banned them from the computers for several weeks. Him and Paul Allen and two other hackers started the Lakeside Programmer Group in 1968. The group wanted to find a way to apply their computer skills in the world. Their first opportunity to do this was a direct result of their activity with the schools computer time. The CCC business was beginning to suffer because the systems weak security and the frequency that it crashed. The CCC was impressed with Gates and the other Lakeside Computer hackers. The CCC decided to hire the students to find bugs and expose weaknesses in the computer system. In return the CCC gave them unlimited time on the computers. They could not refuse. Although the group was hired just to find bugs, they also read any computer related material. They would pick new employees for new info. ...

Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane

Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane In Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn was a lord who held his land directly from the king in return for military service in time of war. Thegns could earn their titles and lands or inherit them. Initially, the thegn ranked below all other Anglo-Saxon nobility; however, with the proliferation of thegns came a subdivision of the class. There were kings thegns, who held certain privileges and answered only to the king, and inferior thegns that served other thegns or bishops. By a law of Ethelred II, the 12 senior thegns of any given hundred acted as a judicial committee that determined whether or not a suspect should be officially accused of a crime. This was evidently a very early precursor to the modern grand jury. The power of thegns declined after the Norman Conquest ​when lords of the new regime took control of most lands in England. The term ​thane persisted in Scotland until the 1400s in reference to a hereditary tenant of the crown who did not serve in the military. Alternate Spellings: thane Example: King Ethylgrihn called on his thegns to help defend against a Viking invasion.

Landscape Architecture Semester Project Term Paper

Landscape Architecture Semester Project - Term Paper Example The institute has original and unique experimental equipments for example vibration tables for earthquakes simulations, climatic chambers used for the purpose of testing of structural elements, components used in building as well as exterior and interiors. The institution is located at 37025’21†W. the CDP as analyzed by the United States Census Bureau has a total amounting to area of about 2.8 square miles which is equivalent to 7.3km2. this area in which this institution is constructed, experiences warm, however, not that much hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperature measurements above 71.60 F. as described by Koppen Climate system, the institution possesses a warm-summer Mediterranean climate. The institution has a population of about 13810. As a client I will be crucial in ensuring that the core necessities for the building are communicated to various groups involved. I should make sure that the right questions concerning the construction are asked. Stanford University is a private research institute located at Stanford in California. It is also considered one of the most prestigious institutions in the world. It owns the highest undergraduate selectivity and the tops positions in various areas and measures in the United States. Leland Stanford established the institution in 1885. Stanford University is a private research institute located at Stanford in California. It is also considered one of the most prestigious institutions in the world. It owns the highest undergraduate selectivity and the tops positions in various areas and measures in the United States. Leland Stanford established the institution in 1885. Leland was the former governor and senator of United States. The institution was begun in 1891 as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after Leland’s demise in the

Presidential versus Congressional Decision Making Essay

Presidential versus Congressional Decision Making - Essay Example The two divisions share in the course and each one of them plays a significant although dissimilar function. Presidential versus congressional decision making The issue of who formulates foreign policy does not contain a more accurate answer for a number of reasons. Foremost, United States foreign policy is not formed in a vacuity as some type of indissoluble whole with a solitary imposing design. Relatively, formulating foreign policy is a lengthened course concerning many actors and including dozens of personal policies towards diverse nations, constituencies, and operative problems. Subsequently, the composite course of establishing foreign policy makes it hard to come to a decision of who ought to be accredited with instigating or adjusting any meticulous foreign policy. The two divisions frequently interrelate and persuade each other. Beneath this state of affairs, it is complicated to trace a proposal back to its derivation, establish when an idea actually manipulates policy, a nd come to a decision when an adjustment generates a novel policy. ... One research categorized the epoch 1789-1829 as one of Presidential proposal (Mowbry, 2003), 1829-1898 as one of congressional dominance and 1899 in the course of the abrupt post World War II phase as one of mounting Presidential supremacy. A different research classified three epochs of congressional supremacy, 1837-1861, 1869-1897, and 1918-1936, with an additional one commencing toward the conclusion of the 1973 War in Vietnam. Following are fundamental ways the President or executive division can initiate or originally outline foreign policy. In these state of affairs, Congress is placed in the position of either acting in response optimistically to the President's proposal or requesting to amend or turn around the influence of his rank. Reacts to Foreign Occurrences. Government Proposal for Legislation. Concession of Intercontinental Accords. Statements of Policy. Implementation of Policy. Sovereign Action. Decisions and Statements of Policy. Directives of Legislation. The most significant characteristic of the president’s function is decision-making, and this power by all sort of things. It is fundamental to comprehend the ambiance in which the president formulates decisions. They ought to make decisions in strict restraints. There are frequently previous pledges formed by the government that necessitates it to use up money, guard allies, preserve overhauls, or guard rights (De Castro, 2000). The president is also stressed by the institutional capacities of the executive division, which is also a result of precedent decisions. Presidential Decision Making illustrates two organizational problems the President encounters. The interrelatedness of the matters

The Energy of the Future Essay Example for Free

The Energy of the Future Essay Alternative fuels are simply non-petroleum energy sources that are used to substitute petroleum products in supplying energy for engines while providing environmental benefits (DOE, 2005). The search for these fuels is the current trend since it is projected that fossil fuels, the source of petroleum products, would run out in the near future. Year 2005 was predicted as the peak of world oil production, after which, the world oil production would decline. By 2030, it is predicted that world oil production would be the same as the production before 1980; the only difference is that the population is higher thus the demand would be greater. This would then mean that there would be higher prices of oil products; thus the search for alternative fuels is essential (Life After the Oil Crash). In addition, the degradation of the environment calls for these alternatives to impede the possible series of catastrophic events One alternative fuel being widely promoted is the Biodiesel. It is a renewable fuel made from agricultural sources such as animal fat and vegetable oils. This is produced through the transesterification of the base oil by reacting it with an industrial alcohol and a catalyst to convert it to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel. In its pure form, also known as B100 or neat diesel, it is capable of powering an ordinary diesel engine, however, some blends are also produced such as the B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel) and the B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel). Most present diesel engines are compatible with running on biodiesel, however, manufacturer specifications should still be considered to avoid warranty violations. In terms of performance, biodiesel is comparable with ordinary diesel; though it has 2-8% less fuel economy, it gives better engine performance and lubrication (US EPA, 2006). Another alternative being promoted due to its potential and environment friendliness is the Hydrogen and the Fuel cell. Hydrogen is the most abundant and simplest element on earth; however, it is usually bonded with other elements to form other things such as water (H2O), hydrocarbons (CH4) and other organic matter making it unavailable (EERE, 2007). On the other hand, fuel cells are electrochemical devices that produce electricity by combining hydrogen or other hydrogen-containing fuels and oxygen. In contrast to batteries, fuel cells are different since it requires a continuous source of external fuel (OEE, 2007). The electricity produced will be used to power the engine. However, hydrogen is bulky and has a small amount of energy per volume; this means that storage techniques of this fuel are critical to its success. But still, hydrogen as a fuel is efficient since it is clean burning and fuel cell vehicles have a potential higher efficiency compared to gasoline vehicles (about 2-3 times more) (EERE, 2007). Another alternative fuel is the electricity. Electric vehicles have long been in use by some countries; however, it gained low popularity due to its disadvantages like higher cost, the size and weight of the battery, short distance covered and long charging time. Nevertheless, the search for alternative fuels has shifted the attention back to electric cars due to its environmental friendliness and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Researches are on their way to develop the battery system of the vehicle such that lighter and smaller batteries that could enable the car to reach almost 300 kilometers on one charging and last for 5-10 years could power the vehicle at acceleration and speeds similar to gasoline powered vehicles (OEE, 2007). The 2008 Tesla Roadster Electric Vehicle is a very interesting vehicle. It runs purely on electricity, can reach 60 mph in 3. 9 seconds, has a 135 mpg equivalent, covers 220 miles per charge, consumes less than $0. 02 per mile and has a built-in battery charging system that can be plugged into an outlet (Tesla Motors, 2008). Though this car is very interesting, I would not opt to buy this because it is very limited and has a selling price of $109,000. I think these are the reason why there still few of these around; they are very costly and are very limited. References Department of Energy. (2005). Alternative Fuels. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. doe. gov. ph/AF/Alternative%20Fuels. htm Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (2007, November 20). Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/hydrogen. html Life After the Oil Crash. Are We Running Out? I Thought There Was 40 Years of the Stuff Left. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. lifeaftertheoilcrash. net/ Office of Energy Efficiency. (2007, April 16). Fuel Cells and Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. oee. nrcan. gc. ca/transportation/fuels/hydrogen-fuelcells/hydrogen. cfm? attr=8 Tesla Motors. (2008). The 2008 Tesla Roadster. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. teslamotors. com/ US Environmental Protection Agency. (2006, October). Biodiesel. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. epa. gov/smartway/growandgo/documents/factsheet-biodiesel. htm

All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet On The Wester Front. Fawcett Crest; New York. 1958 Glaser, Rollin O. All Quiet On The Western Front Notes. Cliffs Notes, Inc.; Lincoln, Nebraska. 1990 Erich Maria Remarque Erich Maria Remarque was born in Osnabrà ¼ck, Westphalia, Germany on June 22, 1898. Being that his father was a book binder by trade, Erich was brought up in a fairly poor household. That did not stop him from receiving a wonderful education at his local “gymnasium'; (equivalent to an elementary school), then proceeding onto the University of Mà ¼nster. While attending there, he was drafted in to the German Army at a mere 18 years of age. He was wounded five times, then released. After returning home, he had a plethora of jobs including: a school master, a tombstone salesman, and even joined a “Gypsy caravan';. His searching for a profession then came to an end when he started writing articles for a Swedish car magazine. He became very well known in the areas of car racing and auto mechanics. He then used his literary skills to write novels that branched from his own personal reflections and experiences. He wrote several best-sellers including: All Quiet On The Western Front, Arch of Triumph, and The Black Obelisk. (contd.) Plot Summery Of: All Quiet On The Western Front All Quiet On The Western Front is a record of seven school chums that all enlist in the German Army after being urged by their school master Kantorek. These poor youth are forced to endure the debilitating effects of World War I, and represent the generation of men that were torn from youthfulness and serenity to face a world of survival horror. They become remnants of Europe’s degenerate youth from that time period. Over the period of years, they are slowly killed off, their once bright and cheerful youthfulness has been ripped from their beings, replaced with listlessness and hardened souls. The story is told in first person by a young man named, Paul Bà ¤umer. He is a very kind and sensitive lad, that wants to make a difference in the world. He has a hard time seeing how fighting against fellow man will make any sort of difference in the world. “He holds fast to a single vow: to fight against the principle of hate that meaninglessly pits young men of the same generation but different uniforms against each other..'; (Remarque, cover) Theme: A Broken And Sorrowful Youth

Balanced Scorecard Study – Samsung

Kashun Davis TMAN 680 Fall 2012 Balanced Scorecard: Samsung Samsung is the technology-based organization that will be the subject for my Balanced Scorecard. Founded in 1938 in Seoul, South Korea, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. engages in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of finished electronic products and device solutions worldwide. They offer consumer products, including mobile phones, tablets, televisions, Blu-rays, DVD players, home theaters, multimedia players; home appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc; Laptops and personal computers.The company also designs and manufactures integrated circuits for digital information storage in consumer electronics. It has operations in Korea, U. S. , Europe, Asia, Africa, Africa and China. Because of the large size of the Samsung Corporation, I will focus on Samsung smartphones, one of their technology-intensive business units. The vision of Samsung: â€Å"Samsung is dedicated to developing innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich people's lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader. Their mission statement, â€Å"At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy: to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Samsung’s net sales have risen from 158. 9 billion in 2007 to 220. 1 billion in 2011. Their total assets grew from 280. 8 billion in 2007 to 343. 7 billion in 2011. Unfortunately their total liabilities went from 181. 7 billion in 2007 to 202. 6 billion in 2011. Stockholder’s equity almost doubled from 80. billion in 2007 to 141. 1 billion in 2011. Samsung’s net income also increased from 12. 9 billion in 2007 to 21. 2 billion in 2011. It’s also not strange to see their employee base increase due to their explosive growth over this five-year time span. They had 254,000 employees in 2007 and now have over 344,000 employees in 2011 (â€Å"About Samsung,† 2010). Their electronics division has 190,500 employees at the end of 2011. With respect to the Smartphone business unit out of the 1. billion mobile phones sold worldwide in 2011, Samsung accounted for 330 million of those units. Their Galaxy S II sold more than 20 million units since its launch in 2011. In 2012, Samsung launched the Galaxy S III and expects to strengthen their brand and increase market share in the mobile phone arena (â€Å"About Samsung,† 2010). The balanced scorecard is defined as a management system that maps an organization’s strategic objectives into performance metrics in four perspectives: financial, internal processes, customers, and learning and growth (NetMBA, 2002).The four perspectives mentioned above construct the balanced scorecard framework. To create a balanced scorecard for Samsung’s Smartphone business division this framework has to be applied. First, I will assess the mission, vision, c hallenges, and partners of the company. The vision of Samsung: â€Å"Samsung is dedicated to developing innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich people's lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader. Their mission statement, â€Å"At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy: to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Samsung not only makes smartphones, but they also create components like displays and integrated circuits that also go into competitor’s smartphones, such as Apple’s iPhone. Samsung’s competitors in the mobile phone market are Apple, Microsoft, Google, HTC, Nokia, and Blackberry. Samsung doesn’t make their own proprietary software and hardware as Apple, Google, and Blackberry.Samsung exclusively uses Google’s Android Mobile OS for their phones. Another challenge Samsung faces, is that their mobile phon es are not only in competition with other phones that have different software platforms, but they are in even stiffer competition with other phones that also use Google’s Android Mobile OS. This market in itself is very fragmented from the fact that more than 4,000 distinct smartphone models exist that uses the Android operating system (Valazco, 2012). Fortunately for Samsung they command 25. % of the smartphone manufacture market putting them on top. LG, Apple, Motorola, and HTC own 18. 4%, 16. 3%, 11. 2%, and 6. 4% of the smartphone manufacture market respectively (â€Å"comscore reports July,† 2012). With respect to the balanced scorecard framework, a strategy map will assist with connecting the four perspectives and how they relate to each other. The strategic measures chosen for the Learning & Growth Perspective were chosen based on information listed in the Samsung’s annual report. Samsung’s employees have grown over the past few years. Samsung†™s social etwork presence is currently greater than their competitors, but there is always room for improvement. Samsung invested $8B USD in R&D, which this funnels down to organizational capital and learning from their competitors. With respect to the Internal Process Perspective $8B USD were invested into R&D for innovation. Customer Satisfaction is never perfect in any organization, thus leaving room for improvement. Not to mention customer satisfaction can translate into sales. Management of operations was chosen because process improvement is always needed in an organization.The customer perspective measurements are strengthening the brand, gaining OEM market share, and exceeding customer expectations. All of these links to financial success within the organization, thus focusing on these measures is vital to the growth Samsung expects to see in the future. Stockholder equity, net sales, and net income all affect the customer, internal, and learning & growth perspective measu res and vice versa. This provides a top to bottom and bottom to top flow balanced measures. Learning & Growth Perspective| Objective| Measure| Target| Initiative|Grow Human Capital| # Of Employees in Samsung Electronics Division| 200,000 employees| Aggressive Recruitment and Retention Program| Improve Information Capital| Social Networking Effectiveness| 6 Million Twitter Followers; 40 Million Facebook Likes| Aggressive & Interactive Social Networking Campaign| Build Organizational Capital| Submittal of Employee Ideas| 5,000 Employee Ideas Submitted| Conduct Organizational Learning Study of Samsung Mobile Division (Amiri, 2010)| Learn from our Competitors| Mobile OEM Market Share| Increase Mobile OEM Market Share by 20%| Analyze competitors customer base and meet the needs of that customer base through innovative mobile technology | Internal Process Perspective| Objective| Measure| Target| Initiative| Manage Innovations| Successful Research & Development Projects| Double R&D Project s| Allocate more capital to R&D projects and their implementation| Manage Customer Relations| Customer Satisfaction| Double and Sustain Customer Satisfaction scores| Aggressive ustomer service training for employees| Manage Operations| Value Added & Non-Value Added Operations| Increase Value Added Operations and Reduce/eliminate non-value added operations| Lean Six-Sigma Process Improvement Initiative (Qun, 2012)| Customer Perspective| Objective| Measure| Target| Initiative| Strengthen Samsung Smartphone Brand| Market Share| Increase Market Share| Aggressive Marketing Campaign| Gain Smartphone OEM Market Share| OEM Market Share| Increase Mobile OEM Market Share by 20%| Analyze competitors customer base and meet the needs of that customer base through innovative mobile technology| Exceeding customer needs and expectations| Customer Satisfaction Scores | Customer Retention| Double Customer satisfaction scores & retention | Customer Loyalty & Rewards Program | Customer Perspective| Obj ective| Measure| Target| Initiative|Increase Stockholder Equity| Stock Price| Increase from $489/share to $510/share| Increase Market Share| Increase Net Sales| Net Sales| Increase from 135B to 170B| Aggressive Marketing Campaign| Increase Net Income| Net Income| Increase by 15%| Make Operations Efficient and reducing costs| Sources About Samsung. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/ourperformance/samsungprofile. html Amiri, A. , Jandghi, G. , Alvani, S. , Hosnavi, R. , & Ramezan, M. (2010). Increasing the Intellectual Capital in Organization: Examining the Role of Organizational Learning. European Journal Of Social Science,  14(1/2), 98-108. comscore reports July 2012 U. S. mobile subscriber market share. (2012, Sept 04). Retrieved from http://www. comscore. com/Insights/Press_Releases/2012/9/comScore_Reports_July_2012_US_Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share NetMBA. (2002). Netmba business knowledge center.Retrieved from http://www. netmba. com/accounting/mgmt/balanced-scorecard/ Samsung Group. (2011). Samsung profile 2011. Retrieved from http://www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/download/Samsung_Profile_2011-EN-final-revise. pdf Qun, Z. , Irfan, M. , Khattak, M. , Abbas, J. , Xiaoning, Z. , & Shah, M. (2012). CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL LEAN SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION IN PAKISTAN. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,  4(1), 117-124. Valazco, C. (2012, May 15). Techcrunch. Retrieved from http://techcrunch. com/2012/05/15/3997-models-android-fragmentation-as-seen-by-the-developers-of-opensignalmaps/

Organizational Commitment

Organizational Commitment and Communication Paper Week 3 COM/530 10/27/2011 Introduction A look at an organization’s communication and leadership styles can say a lot about the organization as a whole. Google has a relaxed atmosphere, where management allows workers to create their own schedules; and fosters creativity by allowing and encouraging their workers to explore side projects (Google Culture, 2011). What would happen if the leadership style were to change? This is one of the elements this paper will explore. A look will also be taken at: sources of power within the organization, the employee’s commitment to Google, how communication within Google relates to the worker, other motivational theories which would work at Google and how communication plays a part in the functioning of these theories. Different Leadership Styles Google has recently embarked on â€Å"Project Oxygen,† a plan to make a better manager (Bryant, 2011). An examination of data sets, compiled from employee surveys, awards given, and managers who performed well, was conducted. This resulted in Google wanting employees to feel empowered, know their managers were available, and have a better overall feeling about the work they did (Bryant, 2011). Google has made the shift to transformational leadership by inviting their employees to be more active in roles they play and working to develop managers that encourage creativity (Robbins, 2011). Having leader member exchange theory in practice at Google would serve to undermine Project Oxygen. This theory states managers have their trusted employees, who tend to get special considerations over other employees (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Having this theory in play, would only serve to drive a wedge between employees and employee supervisor relationships and reduce communication. The studies conducted by Google show employees want respect and equal opportunity from management (Bryant, 2011). Another example of a leadership style that would take away from Google’s goal would be the laissez-faire style of leadership, as employees have stated they don’t want weak willed passive managers (Bryant, 2011). Having a leader using this style would reduce the amount the employees spoke to this individual and cause disarray among the teams. Sources of Power at Google One might expect that Google, being a technical company, places a high importance on expert power as greater knowledge of writing computer code will mean more employees will come to that person for help. The company may have placed emphasis on this in the past, but has since discovered employees want to follow managers whom they like and identify with, which more closely relates to referent power (Robbins, 2011). As Robbins and Judge (2011) explain this type of power deals more with an employee having respect and admiration for their manager. Referent power will lead to employees communicating openly with their superiors and should influence a more positive attitude overall within the organization, as negative views and opinions will diminish among the workers. Legitimate power is also wielded by Google as they have employees who must complete work or they risk losing their jobs. This type of power serves to keep employees in line with company views and reduce negative communication within the organization as employees will not want to suffer the consequences. Reward power is also in use as employees are allowed to set up their own schedules and vie for more prominent positions (Google Culture, 2011). This power also serves to create a positive attitude by giving employees what they desire in the work environment. Employee Commitment and Communication Employees appear to have a strong organizational commitment to Google. Based on the freedoms granted to their employees, workers look to stay with Google out of affective commitment. This type of commitment suggests workers have an emotional attachment to the company and believe in the core values (Robbins, 2011). Google has a commitment to meeting the needs of the employee by modifying compensation packages to suit the employee, giving bonuses, and making the employee feel valued for what they do by providing other amenities most companies would not provide. Google has on site gymnasiums, chefs, laundry service, and shuttles (Google culture, 2011). By providing for employees, Google works towards establishing an emotional attachment. Open communication is encouraged and ideas are rewarded showing employees they have value in the eyes of Google. This communication is necessary to create a sense of freedom at work and allow for an open exchange of ideas. Different Motivational Theories Google could benefit from the use of self-determination theory as they look to empower their employees. This theory suggests workers want to feel they have free will in choosing their work activities and take joy in what they do without feeling it has become an obligation (Robbins, 2011). Communication plays an integral part in the application of this theory. Workers need to know they have choices within the work they do and that managers are available for discussion of changing roles or work activities. Google is a corporation that wants it employees to interact at all levels and across teams. This environment may be excellent for reinforcement theory, as this theory looks to reward positive actions immediately to ensure they are repeated and also to punish negative actions to ensure they are not repeated (Robbins, 2011). If open communication is encouraged and workers discuss goals they achieved and how they were rewarded for this, a general effect should be seen on surrounding employees. This means other employees should repeat the rewarded action to reap the rewards. The same can be said for actions which are negatively reinforced. A third and final motivational theory which would serve Google’s open form of communication is the equity theory. This theory looks at the motivation behind having a fair workplace (Robbins, 2011). Employees want to feel they are paid or otherwise compensated for their work based on experience and accomplishments. Communication is vital to this theory as the more open employees are with each other it provides the opportunity for salary and compensation to be discussed. As long as Google is handling their employees in an equal manner this should serve to show workers the more they work and strive to be better at their jobs, the more they can expect to earn. Conclusion Google has chosen to study their management styles that work best, â€Å"Project Oxygen;† and then train managers in tasks they have found work well for top performing managers. This has caused a shift towards transformational leadership. Google has found other types of management styles which are, for example, too strict are failing and causing high turnover (Bryant, 2011). As stated, having different types of leadership styles in use at Google, such as leader member exchange theory or laissez-faire style would undermine current goals and lead to poor communication within teams, leading to loss of faith in management. Google uses referent power, meaning employees have respect and admiration for their managers to keep employees happy (Robbins, 2011). The company also employs the use of rewards such as compensation packages suited to the employee and on site amenities (Google Culture, 2011) as rewards to keep employees happy. Google’s efforts appear to lead to an affective commitment to the organization as the employee develops an emotional attachment to their job (Robbins, 2011). Motivational theories such as: self-determination, reinforcement theory, and equity theory would most likely fit with in Google’s company culture. Each theory looks to place the emphasis on the employee through enriching their work experience or giving compensation. In short Google is looking to keep employees long term through positive work environments and structure. References Adam Bryant (2011, March 12). Google’s Quest to Build a Better Boss. New York Times Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://www. nytimes. com/2011/03/13 /business/ 13hire. html? pagewanted=all, Google Culture. (2011). Google. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from www. google. com/about/corporate/company/culture. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson- Prentice Hall.

Interview with Book Designer Nuno Moreira

Interview with Book Designer Nuno Moreira The Perfect Book Cover: An Interview with Graphic Designer Nuno Moreira â€Å"The perfect cover is seductive, mysterious, puzzling.†At Reedsy, we have the chance to work with exceptionally talented and creative people. Whether they express themselves in words or images, they are always striving for their creative output to reach a level of perfection that each of them defines and idealizes in a different way.Today, Nuno Moreira, a Portuguese graphic artist now residing in Tokyo, offers us what may be the â€Å"perfect† definition of a book cover. Before that, he outlines the differences between working for a publisher and working directly with an independent author; and explains how a lousy cover first got him into book design.But get to the â€Å"perfect cover† question. It’s worth it.Hi Nuno, great to have you here. You’re a freelance cover designer based in Tokyo, and work predominantly with independent authors and small presses. How did you first get into book design?Hi there, thank you for the opportunity. I starte d working with books and editorial design back in Portugal, in 2007, designing books for a handful of publishers, most of them no longer in activity nowadays. It all started because I was reading a book by Alejandro Jodorowsky and the cover was just horrible. I stopped and thought to myself: how can such provocative ideas be hidden behind such a lousy cover? So, I immediately put the book aside and wrote an email to the publisher. Months later I found myself working not for that publisher, but for two others and then things just gradually took from there. Basically, Jodorowsky is to blame for my book cover practice!I always loved reading and being surrounded by books and magazines and with time it only got worse (in a good sense of course). Since then I started art directing for Editorial Estampa - a publisher with over 50 years in Portugal - and then, slowly I started taking commissions from varied publishers and authors. These last 4 years I’ve been designing mostly for ind ependent presses and self-published authors in the US and UK.

How to Improve Your Reading Speed

How to Improve Your Reading Speed Sometimes, it can be a pleasure to read slowly, taking the time to pause on an extraordinary sentence or revisiting a passage on a previous page. But this type of reading is a luxury. As we all know, we can often benefit from reading certain documents more quickly. An average reading speed can range from 200 to 350 words per minute, but that rate can vary depending on the material and your reading experience. Its also important to understand what you are reading- even when you improve your speed. Here are a few tips to help you improve your reading speed. Reading Speed Tips Preview the material youre going to read. Look at main headings, chapter divisions, and other relevant material to develop clues about the structure of the work.Adjust your reading speed as you read the material. Slow down when you need to be sure that you comprehend a section of material. Speed up if you are already familiar with (or dont need to know) other sections.Readers can dramatically improve their reading speeds by taking in several words in the line of text at one time (instead of sounding out each word or focusing on each letter of the word). Computer programs like Ace Reader or Rapid Reader  are designed to help readers improve reading speeds with flashing letters and words. You may also want to learn more about other techniques.Another way to improve your reading speed is to focus on the key words in the sentences. A significant amount of reading time is wasted on conjunctions, prepositions, or articles (i.e. a, an, the, but, and, or, nor, but, etc.).Use a pacer like a pen or your finger- as a focal point to draw your eye across the line or down the page. A pacer can help you increase your speed and reduce re-reading. A pacer can also help you to keep track of what you are reading. Talk about what youve read. Some readers find that by talking about their reading with friends or fellow students, they are able to effectively synthesize the material.Determine a reading schedule that works for you. You may find that you cant concentrate on the material for more than an hour (or a half hour). Also, select a time of the day when you are alert and ready to read.Find a reading spot where interruptions or distractions will not disturb your reading.Practice. Practice. Practice. The best way to improve your reading speed is to practice reading. Try out some of these techniques, and then perfect the strategies that work best for you. Other Things to Consider Get your eyes checked. Reading glasses may help.Read everything. Dont miss out on vital information in your pursuit of speed.Dont re-read right away; it will slow you down. If you absolutely dont understand part of the reading selection, go back and review the material later.

History - Globalization in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

History - Globalization in China - Essay Example This perception has been disregarded by most Chinese who argue that they have learnt from their country’s long history that isolation often results to backwardness especially considering its vast population (Gerschenkron 842). Among the Chinese, globalization is often viewed as a double- edged sword which brings both challenges and opportunities, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Opportunities and advantages can be achieved in China in the wave of globalization through correct strategies and policies. As a matter of fact, China needs globalization more than any other country of the world considering its vast economic and population size (Huang 65). Since its contribution to the world is immense, its participation in globalization is not a one- way street. The country not only serves as one of the biggest markets for world’s products and services but also as one of the world’s greatest producers of goods and services. It should be noted that even though Chi nese economy integration into the world’s economy has deepened over the years, the issue of globalization in China is considerably controversial (Walter and Howie 107). The transitions and growth of the Chinese economy have been critical in integrating it into the world economy in the wave of globalization. ... Growth in the China context is the realization by the leaders of China after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 that their country was developing and poor and therefore it was important to deliver sustained jobs and incomes in order to propel their country to success and to grip of world power (Naughton 103-4). Just like other countries that are experiencing globalization, China’s economy and the globalization process is linked to the political issues in the country. The rapid growth of the Chinese economy in the face of globalization and its deepening integration into the global economy can be greatly attributed to the policies that have been implemented by the Chinese government. The government has in the recent past have been setting incentives so as to enable the state firms to profit from the income that they earn on sales from transactions with other â€Å"clients† across the world, as well as their transactions with the state. It is worth noting that, in response to the globalization of the world’s financial system, the government of China has in recent times restructured the country’s banking system among other restructuring that aim at aligning the country’s financial system with the world’s, so as to benefit from globalization processes (Huang 178-9). More importantly, it should be noted that even though China has recorded a remarkable success in the globalization process, there is no general understanding of globalization among the Chinese. Majorly, the understanding of globalization among the Chinese revolves around the following three aspects. One, many of the Chinese elite tends to believe that the globalization trends are inevitable. To them, there is no alternative to globalization and all

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR - Essay Example ations on the base pay, which include external competition, employee equity, the Equal Pay Act of 1970, communication strategy, and use of point-factor rating and definition and evaluation of benchmark jobs. In the contingency pay reward structure, the main proposal is to disregard the current system in place (contribution pay) with a combination of Competence Related Pay and Individual Performance Related Pay reward schemes. The section also proposes several cost-cutting measures and exercises. Part three of the report highlights the non-financial rewards and an overall reward recommendation, including learning and development, performance management, career development, and work environment. Part four of the report contains all the possible alternative retention plans and cost cutting strategies that are applicable in MB’s environment, including Employment Stock Ownership Plan, time extension of paying bonuses, and enhancement of job designations. The fifth and final part of the business report concludes with specific recommendations on a cost-effective reward structure for MB that will enhance the commitment of the workers, raise the morale of the employees, and thus increase the profitability of the company. The combination of low profitability, a lack of performance culture, low morale, and commitment in MB is the result of embedded complacent attitude, irrelevant reward structure, and multiple shortcomings in HR practices multiplied by too hierarchical structure and remote location of departments from each other and the Head Office. The changes offered below are vital to stay afloat. 1. Increasingly popular in job evaluation is a method of combining of two analytical schemes: using point-factor rating to define and evaluate benchmark jobs (jobs which can be used as points of comparison for others), and evaluating the remaining jobs by means of analytical matching (Armstrong pg 254 - 263) 2. External competitiveness: it is necessary to operate exact

Science and religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science and religion - Essay Example In this book, Allison perfects the art of fiction in her creative writing. She uses an innovative and exact language gauge. The book highlights just how tough and demeaning a woman’s life can become within a short period of eight years. She tells the story from the perspective of women, although she barely gains credibility from the adult world. The book attempts to provide a complicated history of an impoverished southern family while presiding over her distinctions between the dreams of life and its nightmares. She is overwhelmed by the weakness of her barren surrounding that contains thieves, drunks, and crazies. Her story elaborates the rich history of her people; it shows how severe human conditions can be especially on the part of young women caught up in the barrenness of the society. Anny’s father is sexually abusive, and readers cannot escape to capture the sad chapter of her life. Anney meets Glen while working as a waiter she later marries him. Glen is a young man who genuinely hates his father. Anney loses the child she was bearing and is unable to bear any more children; glen starts to beat his stepdaughter to take out his frustrations. From a spiritual perspective, the story wobbles between evil and good, reality and daydream, and life and death. Anney is attracted to religious promises given by the local revivalists. She however feels the broad spiritual loneliness that come along with her death wishes. Her predicaments test her well beyond her level of endurance and her eight-year-old child. She experiences continuous vulnerability due to the gruesome life she experiences. Her life is full of sick and murderous bloodsuckers that hold her life at ransom. The strength of her spirituality is no match for the inhumanness she experiences in the hands of individuals who pretend to love her. Apart from Bone’s spiritual experience, which proves too difficult to silence, Bastard out of Carolina presents an expert’s

Definition And Conditions Of Decision Making Tourism Essay

Definition And Conditions Of Decision Making Tourism Essay As managers and entrepreneurs, we should have confidence in our decisions, but can we? Discuss with regard to your ability as a decision maker and the tools and methods available to assist decision making. Entrepreneur and managers are no longer able to have confidence in their decision. Because even good managers make mistakes in their decision making process. Therefore, there are many of the business organisations trying to find out the best method of decision making process. Nevertheless, many of them experience end in failure or sink in the business world. Because, decision making of organisation, as it operates with in the organisation, implies that increasing unexpected complexity in environment uncertainty. And this uncertainty means that decision makers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors, and they have a difficult time predicting internal or external changes. So, uncertainty increases the risk of failure for organisational responses and makes it difficult to compute costs and probabilities associated with decision alternatives. Therefore, any organisations want to success in their business, it is essential to use suitable decision making tools and me thods. To understand this essay better, defining the term of decision making is necessary. According to Fitzgerald, decision making involves the choice of an alternative from among a series of competing alternatives (2002, p. 8). And theories of decision making are concerned with how such choices are made. This essay will explain nature of decision making, tools and methods of decision making process and steps in decision making to assist decision makers. Finally, availability of those tools and methods by managers and entrepreneurs will be discussed to assist their decision making process. First of all, nature of decision making should be identified before it discusses about its tools and methods. The definition of decision making is explained in introduction. However, decision making conditions are should be concerned before the actual decisions have been made because the decisions are not always made under same amount of available information (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 76). The conditions which give influence to decision making process are: certainty, risk and uncertainty. Situation of certainty means that decision maker knows every alternative outcome from the decision so he/she can make decision precisely. For example, if manager have to make decision on which transport service he/she will use between by air or by train to deliver their product or service, it is obvious that air will take relatively shorter time but higher cost than train, and train will take longer time but lower cost than airplane. Unfortunately, each alternative brings different outcomes and this is not always known in advance. Therefore, decision makers are only able to estimate their relative probabilities of outcomes. According to Williams, perception of risk means the amount of uncertainty or lack of predictability concerning the outcome of a decision (2002, p. 86). This is called a situation of risk. Generally, exact prediction about probabilities of various outcomes is impossible. Thus, managers may make their decision based on past experience and historical data. However, Russo and Schoemarker said people do not learn easily from experience because is requires pro-found skills (1990, p. 174). Although, risk can never be eliminated from decision making process, decision makers can attempt to minimize its impact on their outcome with technique of learning from experience and forecasting from historical data. When there is very little or no reliable information to estimate the variety of possible outcomes fro decision maker, this is called situation of uncertainty. Moreover, this means that the decision maker does not have any knowledge that concerns the possibilities related with different outcomes. In this circumstance, decision maker may take one of several approaches. First approach is the maximax approach. Rue Byars selecting the alternative whose best possible outcomes is the best of all possible outcomes for all alternatives (2007, p. 77). In the second approach, the maximin approach refers comparing the worst possible outcomes for each alternative and selecting the one that is least undesirable (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 77). And the last approach is the risk-averting approach. This approach can be resulted in more effective planning because it is chosen by the alternative with the least fluctuation among its possible outcomes (2007, p. 78). The conditions for decision making occupy important position in decision making process by guiding decision makers which decision making model they should use. Therefore, decision makers should keep in mind those conditions before they make actual decision for organisations. Decision making tools and methods in decision process support decision makers to understand complex phenomena in managerial activities. Those tools and methods are able to maximise managerial options within decision making process specifically and describe its situations clearly. The tools are for fostering making creative decision. And the methods have rational and intuitive methods for effective decision making. By using these tools and methods, the triple bottom line and managers corporate social responsibility should be concerned together. According to Williams, creative problem solving is not easy and applying the tools requires time, resources, and effort (2002, p. 149). However, to improve the quality of organisations important decision making process, creative decision making techniques are essential. These techniques are such as brainstorming, Gordon technique, nominal group technique, and synectics. Brainstorming can be explained as producing a large quantity of solution on a problem to find out its solution among them. By using this tool, there is initially no criticism and question of idea should be allowed. Then combinations of solutions can be used as decision making tool for improvement of organisation. Gordon technique is similar with brainstorming but it can be differ from that group leader knows the exact nature of the real problem under consideration (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 84). Nominal group technique is involving few steps as highly structured technique. The order of steps is listening recording voting-discussion final voting. This technique minimizes personal interactions to maximize their activity and reduce pressure from conformity with group decision. The synectics is a relatively new technique used in creative decision making process. This technique uses metaphorical thinking to make the familiar strange and the strange familiar (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 85). None of those techniques is a perfect tool for assisting decision makers activity. Each technique should be considered as a just tool that can facilitate proper decision making process by decision makers. Rational decision making method is the most pervasive and influential and to use rational decision making effectively, this includes the following steps: recognising and defining the situation, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementation, and follow-up and evaluation (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, 2006, p. 208-212). First, when problem exist, it is necessary to find out what kind of problem it is including organisations current situation. The gap between the current situation and existing problem can be identified in this step. Second, developing alternatives is for finding a cause of problem in the situation and gathering information concerning the current state of affairs. Third, evaluating alternatives has a role for helping decision maker to evaluate a solution from among the available alternatives. Forth, selecting the best alternatives is choosing the best option from among the evaluated alternatives. Fifth, implementati on refers that decision maker is putting the decision he/she chosen into actual organisational activities. Sixth, the last step is evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented decision by decision maker. These steps assist decision maker to optimize organisations outcome. Fitzgerald believes that embedded within the rational model is the belief that managers actually optimize their decision making behaviour by deliberately choosing and implementing the best alternatives (2002, p.13). On the other hand there are similar but slightly different approach is included in rational method. That is satisficing approach. The difference between optimizing approach and satisficing approach in rational method is satisficing is selecting the first alternative that meets the decision makers minimum standard of satisfaction instead of selecting the best possible alternative from among every possible alternative (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 74). Intuitive decision making method is used when decision maker decide organisational decision bases on hunches and intuition (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, 2006, p. 216). Moreover, Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter defined intuitive decision making as a subconscious process of making decisions on basis of experience and accumulated judgement (2006, p. 216). That means an emotional decision is put into action by decision maker from their mind in decision making process. The emotional attachment can lead manager to poor decisions or can be very real especially who are living in the past. However, the key is manager should not ignore when the available information exist. Intuition plays an important role in decision making process. Consequently, it can be said managers experience and judgement is important when he/she faces the decision making situation. Learning from the past is not easy but once it has become your knowledge, it can be important resource for decision making as a dec ision maker (Williams, 2002, p. 153). In conclusion, this essay discussed about definition and conditions of decision making. The different conditions such as certainty, risk and uncertainty give different influence on decision making process. And the tools and methods have been identified as that can promote improvement of organisation by decision making and several steps in decision making methods to assist decision managers and entrepreneurs. The tools in decision making process allow improving the quality of organisations important decision. Then the methods in decision making are more related to assist decision makers to put one of the possible alternatives on actual action. Decision making process can be improved by recognising conditions of decision making and applying appropriate tools and methods to problems decision maker is faced. To be effective and efficient in decision making process, managers need to be open to new information and others opinion. If managers and entrepreneurs apply creative and sufficient decision making skills in their decision making process, there are various solutions to achieve their goal or overcome their problem will be allowed without failure in decision making.

High School vs College for a Disabled Student :: Compare High School and College

If you are a disabled high school graduate you may be confused by the changes with which you are faced and unsure what to expect as you prepare for college. Realistically, the transition from high school to college requires a period of adjustment for all students since the academic demands are different in the two environments. However, the transition for students with disabilities requires special preparation in order to progress smoothly. During the high school years, much of the responsibility for accommodating your disability fell to school personnel, and your parents served as your primary advocates. Even though you were required to participate in case conferences and the implementation of your Individual Education Plan (IEP) you may have felt more on the "sidelines." As you transition to college, your parents no longer serve as your primary advocates and you are asked to assume this role. It is important you understand you will be expected to seek out the services you need, provide adequate documentation of your disability, self-identify your need for accommodations, and follow-through with your assigned responsibilities in the accommodation process. Some of the confusion surrounding the transition from high school to college for students with disabilities can be traced to the fact that colleges and high schools are governed by different laws. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is no longer applicable as students transition to college and IEP’s, mandated by IDEA, are no longer required at the college level. Even Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) has different provisions for colleges than were in place for K-12 schools. IDEA and Section 504 mandate K-12 schools provide assessments to identify students with disabilities; however, when students enter college they bear the responsibility for providing evidence of their need for specific accommodations.

Earthquakes And The Subtle Power Within Essay

Outer Banks is located in North Carolina. It is a narrow chain of barrier stretching 175 miles long. The area is frequented by high winds and storms. It is basically made up of sand dunes. Sand dunes are formed due to the prevailing winds. The winds come from opposite direction, northeast and southwest. Because of the natural occurrence, sand dunes were formed. The tallest active sand dune in Outer Banks is Jockey’s Ridge. Some interesting features about the Outer Banks is that it housed the talled lighthouse. It also has the tallest san dune, Jockey’s Ridge. Duck Beach is named one of the top beaches in America. Animals especially birds and horses are actively seen the area. Outer Banks 3 Outer Banks, North Carolina Outer Banks in North Carolina is a narrow chain of barrier islands. It is one mile wide or 1. 6 km. It stretches more than 175 miles along the coast. Main islands are Bodie, Roanoke, Hatteras, Ocracoke, Portsmounth and Core Banks. The area is prone to severe storms and high winds (Outer Banks, 2007). Outer Banks’ natural processes evolved from a predetermined conditions. Outer Banks can be well describe by its sand dunes. Migration of sand dunes is an important process on the Outer Banks. It is basically formed by two prevailing winds, northeast and southwest. Due to the different directions of the wind, volume of sand build up. With its sand dunes, Nags Head Woods were developed. It was inherited from what used to be sand dune and swale or a depression found between dunes and beach ridges more than 100,000 years ago. In some areas, the swales were internally drained and now contain freshwater ponds (Frankenberg & Tormey, 2000). The Jockey Ridge is the most tallest active sand dune in Outer Banks. The sand is mostly quartz rock which comes from the mountains million of years ago (Ecology, 2006). Some very interesting features can be provided by the Outer Banks (Interesting Facts about the Outer Banks, 2006) ? Wild Ponies, descendants of Spanish Mustangs, still travel the coast. As per record, they run wild North Carolina since 1523 until present time. ? Tallest lighthouse in America, Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is located in Outer Banks. It Outer Banks 4 is 198 feet tall. It has 257 steps. Beacon light can be seen as far as 20 miles out the to sea. ? Duck Beach is one of the ‘Top Beaches’ in America. This was named because of the number of waterfowls that flocked during migration. ? Jockey’s Ridge is the largest active sand dune in East Coast. Outer Banks 4 References Frankenberg, Dirk & Tormey, Blair. (2000). The Northern Outer Banks. Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations pp. 3. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. learnnc. org/lp/editions/cede_nobx/3 Infoplease. (2005). Outer Banks. Retrieved January 22, 2008, from http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/us/A0921656. html Jockey’s Ridge Sate Park. (2006). Ecology. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. jockeysridgestatepark. com/ecology. html Outer Banks Vacation Guide. (2006). Interesting Facts About the Outer Banks. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. visitob. com/outer_banks/trip/facts. htm

Hrqol Among Road Crash Victims Health And Social Care Essay

Road clang can be defined as the occurence on a route due to the carelessness or skip by any party concerned or due to environmental factor ensuing in a hit that involved at least one traveling vehicle whereby harm or hurt is caused to any individual, belongings, vehicle, construction or animate being and is recorded by the constabulary ( ADB-ASEAN,2004 ) . Road traffic clangs and hurts is a public wellness job worldwide. A study carried out by Pull offing Occupational Road Risk ( manORR ) found out that 8 million employees drive on company concern every twenty-four hours and 250 of them are earnestly injured every hebdomad. In Malaysia, entire figure of route clangs had increased from 24,581 instances in 1974 to 328,264 instances in 2005, making more than 135 % addition of accident instances over 30 old ages. Harmonizing to Cubi-Molla et.al ( 2010 ) , over 50 % of deceases caused by route clangs were associated to immature grownups in the age scope of 15-44 old ages old in the twelvemonth 2004. Victims of route traffic clang may be fatal or suffer from hurts due to the effects of the clang. There is big fluctuation in the badness of hurts. It may change from a minor contusion to severe spinal or head hurt ensuing in wellness position that some would see worse than decease ( Guria, 1993 ) . There are two degrees of effects for non-fatal hurts, which are temporarily and long-run hurt. In some instances, the hurting and agony may go on for the remainder of the victim ‘s life. The quality of life of the individual may be reduces as a effect of the hurt ( Guria, 1993 ) . World Health Organization ( WHO ) defines quality of life as the persons ‘ perceptual experiences of their place in life in the context of civilization and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their ends, outlooks and concerns. Quality of life encompasses multiple life spheres, such as physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing, societal relationships, functional ability and spiritualty. Quality of life is an of import result step in the rating of interventions for a scope of chronic physical and psychological upsets ( Skevington, 1999 ) . In a survey conducted by Aitken et.al ( 2007 ) in Queensland Trauma Registry infirmaries in Australia, it was shown that the participants in the survey were found to hold a markedly lower quality of life overall compared with the Australian normative population. It is besides consistent with findings in international samples of injured people who have suffered from general hurt ( Holbrook, 1998 ) . One of the facets in quality of life is health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) . It is subjective and relates to the experience and feelings of an single individual. With bettering rates of endurance following route traffic hurts in many states, healthy old ages of life lost due to clangs progressively reflect the prevalence of disenabling sequelae ( Ameratunga et.al. , 2004 ) . Numerous surveies have shown that injured patients are at hazard of hapless quality-of-life results, and may develop psychological jobs in both the short and long footings ( Ukpong et.al, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Family Doctor.org, post-traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) is a type of anxiousness job. It can develop when one experience or see a traumatic event such as terrible auto clang. Those with PTSD have problem get bying with and retrieving from traumatic events and frequently experience the effects for months or even old ages afterwards. Powerful fear-related memories of the event seems to be a major portion of PTSD. There are significant impacts on households and friends and on the community in general. Harmonizing to healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au. , it is estimated that there are about 100 million households worldwide seeking to get by with the decease or disablement of a household member involved in a route clang. The impact of emotional is enourmous, and the common effects are depression and self-destruction. Another effect of route clang is on the victim ‘s physical status. Based on a research survey conducted by Ameratunga et.al ( 2004 ) , planetary load of route traffic hurts projected to rank as the 3rd prima cause of disability-adjusted life old ages by 2020. Harmonizing to Ukpong et.al ( 2008 ) , physical disfunction and disfiguration caused by some of the hurts may adversely impact the patients ‘ ability to set about their day-to-day activities, lower their temper and sense of self-pride. In a survey conducted by Anderson et. Al. ( 1997 ) , six people from entire of 24 respondents had to moved to another type of lodging because of disablements ensuing from the clang. Besides, route clang besides affect route clang victim ‘s societal life. There was a important decrease of quality of life in the sphere of societal relationships over clip in the injured patients. 29 % of respondents participated in a survey conducted by Anderson et. Al. ( 1997 ) was reported decreased societal activities such as decreased engagement in organisational and clean activities as a consequence of route clang. The fright of traffic and of being involved in clangs can take to reduces societal interaction and coherence as victims remain indoors. This resulted in more sedentary life style with effects wellness effects such as fleshiness and cardiovascular disease ( healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au ) . Other than that, victim ‘s of route clang suffer from fiscal job. Anderson et. Al. ( 1997 ) reported that from their survey it was found that half of the respondents had fiscal job after two old ages of accident because they were unable to return to work any longer, which was due to long-run digest. Peoples who claimed compensation had worse wellness related quality of life, 12 months after hurt, every bit good as describing that their wellness position and disablement were worse from a really early phase after hurt ( Littleton et.al, 2010 ) . Financial job after route clang besides reported by Zaloshnja et.al ( 2004 ) , where pecuniary losingss were associated with medical attention ( such as infirmary, rehabilitation, prescription and accessory costs ) , belongings harm and legal costs. Problem Statement The ground for carry oning this survey is there is limited literature on the results of hurt, including quality of life ( Aitken et.al, 2007 ) . A great trade of authorities clip and investing around the universe has been devoted to route safety in general. Until late, small attending was focused on work-related hurts happening on the route ( Murray, 2008 ) . In add-on, occupational safety and healths specializers have traditionally focused on safety in the workplace or on work sites instead than occupational route safety. The measuring of quality of life provides a utile method of measuring the results of wellness intercessions. 1.3 Research Justification A great trade of authorities clip and investing around the universe has been devoted to route safety. Until late, small attending was focused on work-related hurts happening on the route. Furthermore, occupational safety and wellness specializers have traditionally focused on safety in the workplace or on work sites ( Murray, et.al, 2008 ) . Decrease in HRQoL among employees may impact their work public presentation. With the appraisal of quality of life for those employees who had involved in occupational route clang, it help employees to work as before the clang occur. The finding of HRQoL among occupational route clang victims may help wellness workers in the designation of cardinal countries to aim in planning and monitoring different intervention options. In add-on, steps of HRQoL are going of import in the bar schemes for cut downing the load of hurt. Research Aims 1. To find the prevalence of hapless HRQoL after involved in route traffic clangs. 2. To analyze the impacts on the HRQoL among route traffic clangs victims. 3. To place the badness of the HRQoL among route traffic clangs victims. 4. To measure the long term HRQoL among route traffic clangs victims. Research Hypothesis 1. The prevalence of hapless HRQoL after involved in route traffic clangs are high as the victims are exposed to many effects from the clangs. 2. The impacts on the HRQoL among route traffic clangs victims are physical wellness, psychological, societal relationship and fiscal. 3. The badness of the HRQoL is vary between persons and besides depends on the badness of hurt. 4. The HRQoL of route traffic clangs victims will be improved by clip as they are able to accommodate the new physical status. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Sampling Method Data will be collected from people identified from exigency section registries in three public infirmaries, which are Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Seremban General Hospital and Melaka General Hospital. Choice of respondents will be based on the undermentioned inclusion standards: 1. Involved in occupational route clang in the last 7 yearss. 2. Occupational route clang victim that age between 18-40 old ages old. 3. Admission to infirmary for futher intervention transcending 24 hours. 4. Reason for admittance is trauma which is due to the route traffic clang and non due to other digest that arise from route clang. After possible respondents had been identified, they will be giving informed consent. Following, they need to reply the questionnaire sing their sociodemographic and clinical information. The same respondents will be follow-up to finish the Part II of the questionnaire within 2 two hebdomads after they involved in the route clang. The questionnaire will be classified into 2 parts: Part I: Sociodemographic and clinical informations Sociodemographic informations – age, gender, educational attainment, employment, matrimonial position and contact information. Clinical information – cause of hurt, site and type of hurt. Part II: Health-Realted Quality of Life Information for HRQoL of occupational route clang victims will be obtained through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( COPM ) , that is conceptually derived from the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance ( Jolles et. Al, 2005 ) . It is designed to mensurate client-identified jobs in self-care, productiveness and leisure. The step is designed to observe alteration in a client ‘s self-perception of occupational public presentation over clip. Tonss are obtained for public presentation and satisfaction with public presentation. The difference between initial and subsequent tonss is a step of result, with a two-point difference in either way bespeaking important alteration. However, respondents should non cognize about their old tonss as this may impact their terminal consequence. They need to rate their public presentation and satisfaction based merely on their current perceptual experiences. Harmonizing to Canadian Assosiation of Occupational Therapists ( CAOT ) , COPM is designed to be used for assortment of disablements and across all developmental phases. In add-on, COPM is a standardised instrument, with a semi-structured interview format and structured hiting method. Change scores between appraisal and reappraisal utilizing the COPM are the most meaningful tonss derived from this appraisal. The step is easy to administrate, taking 20-40 proceedingss. The COPM works really good as an initial appraisal. COPM has been used in more than 35 states and has been translated into over 20 linguistic communications. 3.2 Statistical analysis The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) version 14.0 will be used to analyze the information. Probabilities of less than 0.05 were accepted as important.